What is the correct order of encapsulation in data transmission?

In data transmission, the correct order of encapsulation is essential for ensuring that data packets are properly prepared for travel across networks. The process involves wrapping data with various headers, each layer adding specific information pertinent to its function in the network stack.

The correct order involves starting with the highest layer data, which is typically the application data represented by the port or socket address. This identifies the specific application on the receiving device that should handle the incoming data. Next comes the IP address, which is used to route the packet through multiple networks to its destination, allowing for the correct addressing of devices. Finally, the MAC address is added at the data link layer to manage communication between devices on the same local network segment, ensuring physical delivery of the packets within a subnet.

This order is crucial as it reflects the hierarchy and interaction of different network protocols, such as the transport layer (where port numbers operate), the network layer (where IP addresses are utilized), and the link layer (where MAC addresses come into play). Understanding this encapsulation can help troubleshoot network issues and optimize data transmission pathways.